What is the sound quality of a speaker? And look: diaphragm

[Home Theater Network HDAV.com.cn] When you buy your favorite speakers or headphones, you will often fall into other people's subjective analysis, such as: sounds good, loud voice...

In fact, this indicator of sound quality is measured and evaluated by objective criteria. What kind of diaphragm material generally determines the sound quality of the Speaker, this is true.

According to the study, the sound quality of the Loudspeaker depends on three indicators of the diaphragm material: the material's elasticity (E), density (ρ) and appropriate internal damping. The sound quality we usually say is that the internal damping is large, and E/ρ (the quotient of material elasticity and density) is also large.

The damping is large, it can filter out unnecessary clutter, the vibration stops (the sound is from the beginning to the end), and the sound is clean and soft. For example, the alloy diaphragm has high elasticity, low density, and relatively large E/ρ, but the metal damping is small, and it is difficult to stop the sound quickly, and the sound is not clean.

On the contrary, pulp-like materials, with large damping, soft sound, rising sound (sound from nothing) are slower, and the speed of falling is faster, but the strength is not enough.

Therefore, it is very difficult to satisfy the E/ρ at the same time and the internal damping is large enough.


Therefore, the performance of the speakers is different using different diaphragm materials. What kind of materials do we usually use for the woofer diaphragm? What are their sound performances? Before the introduction of the author, we first have a concept of science: frequency response.

Frequency response refers to the response and discrimination ability of the speaker together with the input signal. For example, in general, the frequency response range of a good speaker should be 20Hz to 20000Hz. When a 20Hz-20000Hz audio signal enters this speaker, the output is output. The music will have enough low frequency dive and very good high frequency performance.

When a 5Hz-25000Hz audio signal enters the speaker, the signal speaker above and below the speaker's frequency range cannot be processed. At this time, we will feel that the music is very narrow and lacks expressiveness.

The smaller the frequency response (frequency response) value, the flatter the frequency response curve, the smaller the distortion, and the better the performance.

There are many kinds of diaphragms for woofer, such as aluminum alloy diaphragm, aluminum-magnesium alloy diaphragm, ceramic diaphragm, carbon fiber diaphragm, bulletproof cloth diaphragm, glass fiber diaphragm, acrylic diaphragm, paper diaphragm, etc. The structure is mostly a cone type, and a small amount is a flat type.

We mainly introduce four kinds here.

Paper cone: The paper cone should be regarded as the oldest speaker material. It is used to inject the pulp fluid into the designed basin-shaped mesh mold. When the pulp is deposited to a certain thickness, it is copied out, dried and then processed. A cone diaphragm is formed.

Because the paper cone contains a large amount of fiber, the audio is easily absorbed when it is transmitted, that is, it forms a good damping.

On the sense of hearing, the tone of the paper cone is natural and the bass is full.

However, the disadvantages are also obvious: the moisture resistance is poor, the density of the paper becomes high after the moisture is absorbed, and the rigidity is deteriorated, and the paper pot material itself is fatigued after a long period of dry and wet circulation. Secondly, it is difficult to control consistency when manufacturing.

Wool Knitting Basin: The word is as follows, which is to infiltrate the softer wool fiber into the pulp of the woofer. This has obvious advantages: it is excellent for soft music and light music, and the human voice is mellow and natural.

But the shortcomings are more prominent: the bass effect is general, lack of strength and shock, so the performance of rock music and march is not satisfactory.

If you usually listen to light music and pay less attention to the bass effect of the speaker, the wool woven basin is the best choice for you.

Bulletproof cloth basin: Bulletproof cloth usually has a rubber edge or bubble edge, which will make the speaker's bass effect better, the frequency response is wider, the sound is more stereoscopic, and it can withstand more power. So it's suitable for big dynamic music.

However, in general, its cost is relatively high, the manufacturing process is complicated, and it is not good when playing light music.

If you are a game fan and like strong bass music, the bulletproof basin is a pretty good choice.

PP (polypropylene) basin: pp basin mainly refers to plastic diaphragm, which refers to plastic injection molding or other forms of cones. The polypropylene that is most exposed in daily life is a container of microwave oven and a container. .

From these materials we can see that the polypropylene material is very tough, so the audio signal will be absorbed and consumed quickly when it is transmitted. In summary, the damping characteristics are very good. In the sense of hearing, the distortion is low, and the performance in all aspects is remarkable, and it is widely popular in high-end speakers.

Of course, there is no perfect person for gold. Although it has similar low damping characteristics to the paper cone, the rigidity of the pp basin is insufficient and the quality is relatively large.

After reading these four main diaphragm materials, I believe that you will be more targeted when you buy your favorite speakers, rather than just relying on intuitive feelings.

Now I know how to look at the sound quality of the speaker~

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