At the beginning of 2017, the master known as the evolutionary version of "Alpha Dog" swept the top players in the chess world, such as Ke Jie, Park Ting-soo, and Jing Shan Yu Tai, on the Go network platform. He took 60 consecutive victories and set off a "Master Storm". A lot of people worry. What humans worry about is not the game of Go, the last bastion of human wisdom, that has been conquered by artificial intelligence. It is worried that artificial intelligence will subvert Go today and what will be subverted tomorrow? This is a concern in people's minds.
Master's winning streak with human masters is similar to the computer's proof of the four-color theorem. It is a victory for computing power and algorithms. There is no need to worry too much that they will dominate humans and enslave human beings. However, the development of artificial intelligence is changing with each passing day. It is generally believed that the arrival of strong artificial intelligence is a matter of time. Today, artificial intelligence has penetrated into every corner of life. It is not uncommon to use artificial intelligence in war. Since the arrival of the artificial intelligence era is inevitable, how we use it in future wars will be the key to success. Whether artificial intelligence brings threats or development to human beings, the key lies in how to use them. "Fake horses, non-profits, and thousands of miles; fake boats, non-energy, and rivers." War technology and artificial intelligence Integration is perhaps the way to the future.
The development of artificial intelligence
Master's 60-game winning streak makes people think about how artificial intelligence can make a difference in our lives. Perhaps, the following life scenes will gradually become reality:
When you drive, you tell the location and the autopilot system takes you to your destination;
In the hospital, you see trailer robots from the United States transporting medical devices and "big white" robots in caring for patients;
After work, you press the "home mode" on the phone, push the door open and you find that the curtains have been pulled, the temperature is suitable, the lighting is soft, the hot water is burned, and the cute home robot is happy to sell you;
In fact, you can also use an unmanned aerial vehicle, carry a diamond ring, and propose to your beloved her...
This day, we have been waiting for a long time.
The era of artificial intelligence has come!Soon after the advent of the first computer, scientists predicted that the era of artificial intelligence will come. In 1997, when "Deep Blue" defeated Kasparov, this wonderful scene seems to be just around the corner. But in the second half of the 20th century, artificial intelligence research fell into a cold winter due to the failure of several technological innovation attempts. The most recent winter season, from the end of the 20th century to the first 10 years of the 21st century, was due to the bottleneck in the study of neural networks.
In recent years, everyone can clearly feel that the theoretical research and sensible products of artificial intelligence seem to suddenly “break outâ€: wearable devices appear together, intelligent robots appear frequently, and the face recognition accuracy of the machine exceeds the naked eye. Companies such as Apple and BMW are working hard on driverless cars. The United States and Europe have set up human brain research projects...
The explosion of artificial intelligence projects is not a coincidence, but a leap-forward development that has ushered in after more than 10 years of silence. The American scientist Ray Kuzwell, who successfully predicted that the robot will defeat the human chess player, predicted that the artificial intelligence would surpass the wonderful intersection of human intelligence, in 2045.
Then, how much impact will this burst of artificial intelligence have, how long will the impact last, and how much will human life be changed?
From weak artificial intelligence to strong artificial intelligence. After the "Deep Blue" dominated the chess field in 1997, artificial intelligence did not change the sky as expected, and "Deep Blue" was silent for more than 10 years and disappeared. Artificial intelligence has also stayed at the stage of weak artificial intelligence, and there has been no breakthrough. This span of nearly 20 years has become the longest artificial intelligence winter. Some people talked about it. The biggest achievement in the field of artificial intelligence in the past 20 years is that Spielberg has produced "Artificial Intelligence", a science fiction film that has been dumped by the whole world. Spielberg has turned humanity into a rich fantasy of the future world. Put everything you can into the movie world you made. Along with, a series of films about artificial intelligence, such as "Machine Steward", "Super Hacker" and "Mechanical Ji" came into being. Artificial intelligence has begun to enter all aspects of human life, and the use of artificial intelligence in the medical, education, service, manufacturing, and even military fields has become commonplace. This has led many military enthusiasts to think about what artificial intelligence means for the military field. Where will the future go?
"Alpha Dog" represents only the latest achievements of artificial intelligence in the fields of neural network-based machine deep learning, high performance computing and big data technology, and is weak artificial intelligence. However, some military experts predict that the use of strong artificial intelligence in the future will be as great as the entry of big data five years ago. In the military field where competition and competition are more intense, artificial intelligence has been increasingly moving toward the battlefield with the advent of computers since the last century, driving the advent of the era of intelligent warfare.
Artificial intelligence is striding on the battlefieldArtificial intelligence is an important branch of modern information technology. The world's first programmable "giant" computer was born in the United Kingdom during World War II. Its purpose is to help the British army to decipher the German password. In recent years, artificial intelligence has increasingly entered the battlefield, profoundly changing the face of war. In summary, the application of artificial intelligence in the military field is mainly reflected in the following five aspects:
Intelligent perception and information processing. The rapid development of MEMS, wireless sensor network technology and cloud computing technology has made the battlefield sensing means further develop in the direction of intelligent sensing and information fusion processing. The US military, the Russian army, the French army, and the German army are equipped with digital soldier systems with intelligent information sensing and processing capabilities, such as the US Knights of the Knights and the Russian soldiers. In the fiscal year 2015, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has added research and development projects such as “cerebral cortex processorâ€, which solves the problems of real-time control of high-speed moving objects by simulating the structure of human cerebral cortex, and will be greatly improved in future applications. Autonomous mobility of robots, drones, etc.
Intelligent command and control assists decision making. Through the development of various military information systems, the national military aims to build a powerful rasterized network information system to improve intelligent assessment and decision-making capabilities. The continuous development of command and control automation systems in various military powers pursues stronger information and decision-making advantages than their counterparts. In recent years, the US military has established a network command to strengthen its network attack and defense capabilities. It focuses on the development of intelligent diagnostic information systems for network intrusion based on technologies such as cloud computing and big data analysis. It can automatically diagnose network intrusion sources, damage to its own network, and data recovery. ability.
Unmanned military platform. Western countries began to pay attention to the development and application of small drones, remote controlled unmanned vehicles and unmanned boats during the First World War. At present, more than 70 national troops in the world are developing unmanned system platforms. The US military has equipped more than 7,000 drones, and more than 12,000 ground-wheel (or crawler) robots have been put into operation on the battlefields in Iraq and Afghanistan. The US military will soon realize that ground robots account for one-third of the ground force, and the carrier-type X-47B drone will account for one-third of the total carrier aircraft, further promoting the synergy grouping between the human platform and the unmanned platform. Training.
Bionic robot. Since the 21st century, robotics has developed into a blowout type. Various bionic robots such as humanoid robots, robotic fish, and machine insects have been introduced continuously, and more and more applications have been applied in the military field. For example, the US military has tested a "big dog" robot on the battlefield in Afghanistan to help the soldiers implement the accompanying guarantee. The US Department of Defense upgraded it in 2013 to increase its load to 200 kilograms and run at 12 kilometers per hour, with bulletproof and silent effects. The Russian military has recently planned to intensify the development of humanoid robots that can drive vehicles and build robotic units that can fight side by side with human warriors.
Expand people's physical skills and intelligence. The cross-integration of information technology, new materials technology and biotechnology will further expand human physical fitness, skills and intelligence. For example, the foreign military is developing a mechanically exoskeleton to create a "armor warrior" with multiple physical strength; through the implantation of bioinformatics chips to improve people's memory and responsiveness, so that human warriors can better adapt to the future highly informationalization. The operational environment.
Artificial intelligence will promote a new round of military transformationWhen new military technology, operational concepts, and organizational composition interact to significantly enhance military capabilities, it will spur new military changes. The increasingly widespread application of artificial intelligence in the military field is becoming an important driver of military transformation, giving birth to new war styles and changing the internal mechanism of war success.
A new impact on the concept of war. The history of human warfare has experienced the cold weapon era, the hot weapon era, the mechanized era, and the information age. The development of artificial intelligence has accelerated the arrival of the intelligent era. Can intelligence be divided into high-level intelligence and low-level intelligence? Does the military with a high level of intelligence have an overwhelming advantage for the low-level intelligent army? If the "machinery" of people and the "humanization" of machines are two inevitable development trends, will robots that think about replacing humans fight against traditional war ethics? Artificial intelligence has made the battlefield perception and information processing capabilities unprecedentedly improved. Does the "fog" of war on the high-tech battlefield still exist? Understanding these issues requires that the military must have a brainstorm.
Bringing new inspiration to theoretical innovation. The material and technical foundation of the war has been continuously updated, opening up new space for strategic theory and innovation of combat concepts, and constantly spawning new subversive technologies in the field of artificial intelligence; the combination of precision strike ammunition, unmanned equipment and network information systems has spawned New intelligent operational theory such as "distributed killing", "mothership theory", "combat cloud" and "bee colony tactics"; how to cut off and delay opponents in the decentralized battlefield network by virtue of their own information advantages and decision-making advantages Information and decision-making circuits have become the core issues that must be solved in the victory of intelligent warfare.
Future trends in artificial intelligence military applicationsWith the development and application of strategic frontier technology fields such as information technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, new materials technology, and new energy technology, it will continue to promote the maturity of artificial intelligence related technologies and play an increasingly important role in the military field.
Artificial intelligence technology and equipment continue to make breakthroughs. Major countries have upgraded artificial intelligence to national strategic heights. The US Air Force Chief Scientist Office has issued a technical assessment and prediction report for the Unmanned Horizons in 2035, arguing that the automation and autonomy of various unmanned systems and combat platforms in the future will be Remote control performance will continue to make breakthroughs as technology advances. Especially with the advancement of ultra-large-scale computing, quantum computing, cloud computing, big data, brain-like chips and other technologies, the information processing and control technology of artificial intelligence will be greatly developed, and the technological proportion of modern warfare artificial intelligence will be profoundly changed.
Artificial intelligence has spawned new types of combat forces. The wide application of artificial intelligence systems and combat platforms will make artificial intelligence as an important operational element to penetrate the entire process of war and combat preparation, and further enrich the connotation of new combat forces. With the formation of drones, the formation of unmanned submersibles, the formation of battlefield robot soldiers, and the coordinated grouping of unmanned and manned combat units to battlefield applications, various types of "mixed-up" new combat forces will continue to emerge. With the military Internet of Things, military big data, and cloud computing technology in the military field, the "cloud brain", "digital staff", "virtual storage" and other labor for information support, command and control, effect evaluation, and logistics support Intelligent combat forces will play an increasingly important role in future wars.
Artificial intelligence is constantly evolving and upgrading through practical applications. The artificial intelligence system and combat platform supported by information technology are different from the development and development mode of traditional mechanized weaponry. Mechanized weaponry is generally put into use after the technology is mature until it is scrapped and has a certain service life; the artificial intelligence system is developed according to the system prototype-practice training-evolution and upgrade mode, and the artificial intelligence system is often evolved according to different versions. Ways to improve its level of intelligence. The evolution direction of artificial intelligence is always escalating towards higher-order intelligence. This development law of artificial intelligence systems and combat platforms is revolutionary for military training and combat capability enhancement. In recent years, the United States and its allies have continued to organize "Shriver" space (network) exercises, "Locken" network security exercises and other activities, which is the repeated testing and upgrade of its artificial intelligence information system. In the future, the upgrade training of artificial intelligence systems and various unmanned combat platforms through continuous confrontation exercises will be an important way to improve combat effectiveness.
Artificial intelligence helps smart defense constructionData is called the strategic resource of the information age. The emergence of artificial intelligence provides a means for humans to deeply explore the wisdom resources of data information, and is leading and reshaping the development trend of the new military revolution in the world. Facing the wave of artificial intelligence booming, how to meet the challenge, seize the opportunity, accelerate the construction of military information, and enhance the core military capability to win the modern war is an issue of the times that our military must answer in order to achieve its goal. On the one hand, our military must remain clear-headed and cautious in its judgment. It should not be intimidated by the seemingly powerful and mysterious appearance of artificial intelligence, nor can it be blindly praised. It must not be indifferent and lose the opportunity of development. It is lacked in technical cognition. The opponent caused a technical assault. The breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence in individual technology is just an extension of human intelligence, but it cannot replace the dominance of human intelligence. Human beings are still the core elements in the various elements of combat effectiveness. People's subjective initiative is still the key to determining the outcome of intelligent warfare. On the other hand, our military should implement the military-civilian integration development strategy, innovation-driven development strategy, grasp the trend of the times, highlight the characteristics of our military, closely focus on the layout of the opponents, and boldly absorb the application of artificial intelligence-related technical achievements to promote the construction of military information, in the platform construction. In the fields of logistics support, military training, and national defense mobilization, artificial intelligence technology is used to realize transformation and upgrading, and the counter-measures against the military application of artificial intelligence of the opponents are actively developed. In practice, the winning mechanism of the artificial intelligence field and the strong enemy game is explored. (Zhu Qichao, Wang Yuling)
The film "Mechanical Ji", which won the 2016 Oscar for Best Visual Effects Award, describes an artificial intelligence robot with independent thinking ability.
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The use of artificial intelligence in the United States, Russia and other countries in the military
United States: In July 2016, the US Marine Corps tested the Modular Advanced Armed Robot System (MAARS), which uses sensors and cameras to control robots based on artificial intelligence. The "Army Global Military Command and Control System" developed by the US Army is currently equipped with Army Air Force transport helicopters to enable helicopter pilots to maintain contact with frontline soldiers and command ground forces.
Russia: The "Wolf-2" mobile robot system being developed by the Russian Strategic Missile Force uses a tracked chassis that can be controlled by radio channels within 5 km, stabilized by thermal imagers, ballistic computers, laser range finder and gyro The machine guarantees shooting accuracy and can hit the target at a speed of 35 kilometers per hour.
Israel: The robot "Dogo" robotic robot is equipped with a standard Glock 26-type 9 mm caliber pistol, which is called a small ghost.
"Master" strikes, making combat style unmanned
â– Li Daguang
The Go account Master (Master), in the two major Go games of Yicheng Go and Tencent Go, challenged the world's top players and won 60 consecutive victories, which triggered a global focus on artificial intelligence. Few people have thought that the machines in the field of Go have not experienced the period of "holding" with human beings, and they have gone straight to the dust.
Engels once said that the application of cutting-edge technology began as a military field. The military struggle is a comprehensive contest covering multiple dimensions, multiple fields, full time domain, and high intensity. The addition of artificial intelligence will accelerate the pace of military transformation in various countries as a catalyst. Throughout the two industrial revolutions and the whole process of the two world wars, we will find that there is an inevitable connection between "science and technology" and "war." Technology will trigger war, which in turn will promote the development of science and technology. At this stage, countries have made great progress in the informatization and intelligent development of weapons and equipment. Various precise positioning, precise strikes, and accurate assessment of weapon systems have emerged one after another. But humans have not been able to separate from the weapon system, and a large part of the operation still needs to be done manually. The combination of artificial intelligence and weaponry means that in the future, from searching for targets, to threat assessment, to locking and destroying, to effect evaluation, this series of processes does not require human participation at all, and the machine can help us make decisions. The combat style is unmanned.
Master has quietly disappeared after winning 60 consecutive victories, but the discussion about where to do artificial intelligence is still endless: Will it grab the human rice bowl, or as an extension of human function? Will it eventually transcend human wisdom or will it blend with humanity? The answer to these questions is not as simple as that. For their solution, it will be accompanied by the future development of artificial intelligence. In 1997, "Deep Blue" defeated Kasparov, and he played more computer computing skills such as hardware acceleration and violence calculation. AlphaGo uses neural network, deep learning, Monte Carlo tree search and other artificial intelligence new technologies, and its strength has already made a substantial leap. This new technology makes artificial intelligence more suitable for speech and image recognition and evaluation and analysis, so it is an important development direction.
Although this round of Go "human-machine war" has settled, its thinking in various fields is worth studying. Among them, "'human-machine wars' is the best pre-practice of war" is particularly worthy of serious study in the military field. Regardless of whether it is the cold weapon era or the mechanized era, it is the "human sea tactics" that fights ahead. To solve problems requires "concentrating superior forces." Informatized warfare no longer plays "human sea tactics". The scene of the big corps squad is difficult to reproduce. However, as far as the whole war is concerned, there is not much use of soldiers. On the contrary, there may be more, but the soldiers used at the forefront are greatly reduced. However, the position of the soldiers has been greatly changed. Participants will become more in an unmanned, networked and contactless warfare mode of future warfare. Sometimes you can't know who your opponent is and where you are hiding.
Although there are different operating rules in the arena and battlefield, many of the winning mechanisms are similar. In the past, we can only learn war in war. Now we can learn war in the approximate actual combat environment of computer simulation, and deduct the offensive and defensive mode and development trend of future war. "Alpha Dog" can easily collect the chess game of many Go masters, but in the military field, you want to get the relevant data on opponent training, exercises and even combat, it is even more difficult! The future war is carried out under the support of the information system. Only by solving the core problem of human-machine integration can we take the initiative of the battlefield and win the final victory of modern warfare.
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