Foreword:
The term Internet of Things (IoT) is often associated with embedded machine-to-machine (M2M) network communication between "smart objects" in commercial, industrial, and government environments. With its real-time visibility and control of connected objects, the IoT network is destined to bring unparalleled transparency and efficiency to our lives.
Industry is an important application area of ​​the Internet of Things. The intelligent industrial model based on the Internet of Things is a new craze for industrial development. Therefore, the industrial IoT network formed has been continuously developed and improved. At present, although proprietary communication protocols have long dominated the network communication of industrial IoT applications, the increasing networking capabilities and the high bandwidth requirements of IoT networks have made Ethernet the least resistant to traditional communication protocols. Upgrade path.
Ethernet and TCP/IP communication technologies have achieved great success in the IT industry, becoming the preferred network communication technology in IT industry applications. In recent years, as the international fieldbus technology standardization work has not reached the ideal result, Ethernet and TCP/IP technologies have gradually been applied in industrial automation and developed into a technology trend.
The application of Ethernet in industrial automation should be divided into two aspects, or two levels of problems. First, the combination of factory automation technology and IT technology, combined with the Internet technology of the Internet, will become the prototype of the future manufacturing e-commerce technology and network manufacturing technology. Most experts give a positive assessment of this trend in automation technology. On the other hand, can Ethernet be widely used at the bottom of industrial process control, that is, the device layer or the field layer? Can it become or even replace the existing fieldbus technology to become a unified industrial IoT network standard? These problems are really hot topics in the automation industry experts.
To fully meet these needs, next-generation Ethernet technologies must evolve and provide native support for three key functions:
1) Reliability and deterministic performance
2) Accurate timing and synchronization
3) Security
We will focus on why these features are essential and how they will help Ethernet address some of the major challenges facing future industrial IoT networks.
A risk game: Industrial IoT networks require reliability and deterministic performance
In the industrial Internet of Things, the use of autonomous, peer-to-peer distribution control is far more demanding than any consumer Internet of Things. Data collection, recording, and analysis occur continuously and in real time. Using a system that can handle tasks faster than humans, it is critical to operate reliably and safely without human intervention. For example, a material handling device in a warehouse can sense packages that move along a conveyor belt. It identifies the material by RFID tag or barcode and directs the material to the next conveyor based on this information. Communication failures can potentially lead to increased costs or a risk of threatening personnel safety.
Now imagine a network that monitors the structural health of a nuclear power plant. Error detection and reliability bear a higher price because communication failures in such environments can have catastrophic consequences, including substation collapse, environmental pollution, and death. In these environments, industrial IoT networks have stringent performance and reliability requirements, including:
(1) Fault tolerance
(2) Security
(3) Low latency
(4) Low power consumption
Ubiquitous coverage
As IoT networks accelerate their transition to Ethernet, they can use the standardized, carrier-grade service definitions defined by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) to determine " Carrier Ethernet." These standards are especially important because IoT networks cannot afford compromises in terms of network performance, stability, or service reliability. We will see that as more IoT networks adopt Ethernet, they will seek to deploy cost-effective, carrier-grade devices to meet these real-time, high-performance networking services.
Table 1: The added features and capabilities of Carrier Ethernet 2.0 support the creation and delivery of advanced services for mobile, cloud and IoT applications.
Timing and synchronization are critical to industrial IoT networks
The IEEE 1588v2 Precision Time Protocol (1588 or PTP) will play a pivotal role in a variety of next-generation networks, including wired IoT networks. The 1588, which originated in the field of industrial automation, is very accurate in timing, providing accurate Timing-of-day (ToD) information for real-time applications, as well as time stamp input, scheduling and simultaneous output. This capability minimizes the performance limitations of traditional control networks, such as "response time jitter," and enables real-time communication and interaction between disparate and decentralized intelligent objects that collectively perform time-sensitive tasks, including automated traffic. Manage systems and autopilot cars to smart grid management.
Take automatic traffic management as an example. The 1588 provides visibility and dynamic control for traffic management systems interconnected with roads and railways, allowing operators to flexibly adjust timetables based on passenger traffic. Similarly, in the field of autonomous vehicles, the 1588 can provide real-time traffic and congestion data for roads and communicate with autonomous vehicles to achieve smooth traffic flow.
Throughout the smart grid, utilities can use 1588 to manage decentralized energy sources such as wind turbines or photovoltaic systems. Smart grids with 1588 capabilities also allow utility companies to access real-time load data and help them stabilize their grids against sudden spikes in demand by quickly controlling existing power-limiting systems in commercial, industrial and residential environments.
Figure 1: The Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure will be based on Ethernet, bringing unprecedented real-time visibility and control to highly distributed systems, including traffic management systems and smart public grids, as shown in the figure above.
Looking ahead, we expect chip solutions with 1588 timing support to be more widely adopted to meet these stringent accuracy requirements, as well as the specific needs of the IoT environment, such as smaller size and lower power consumption, and support for expansion. Temperature range.
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