LED lighting system
Like traditional light sources, LED devices actually work in the form of lighting fixtures. Due to the good controllability of the LEDs, control components are often included. Therefore, the development report of this discipline generally refers to them as LED lighting systems. In the LED lighting system, in addition to the LED device, it also includes: (1) Optical part, except for a few simple applications, most of which include optical components; (2) LED drive power; (3) heat sink; (4) The LED lighting system in the application includes control components. These components correspond to the three key technologies of the LED lighting system, namely optical technology, heat dissipation technology, drive and control technology, and the third topic of the development report of this discipline has been elaborated.
LED optical components are mainly used to achieve light distribution, and different applications have different requirements for light distribution. In general, indoor lighting is mostly based on glare. High bay lighting, like outdoor lighting, uses optical systems such as reflection and transmission. The biggest highlight of this field is that the optical design method of free-form surfaces has been greatly developed. Domestic Tsinghua University, Fudan University and Zhejiang University have done a lot of research and formed a number of design methods with independent intellectual property rights.
LED heat dissipation technology is the necessary guarantee to achieve LED stable light output. At present, the main method is passive heat dissipation using heat sink fins, and heat dissipation of heat pipes in modular LED lamps is also often used. The research in this direction is mainly a new heat dissipation material and a micro heat dissipation structure.
The driving of LED is directly related to the efficiency and life of LED devices. The research mainly focuses on improving efficiency and life. The latter electroless capacitor solution has received great attention. LED control technology includes wired and wireless technologies. Among them, power carrier and Zigbee are the main research hotspots. There are many researches at home and abroad, and multiple versions of the system have been formed. But research on a widely accepted version remains to be done, and the combination of LED driver and control technology is also a research hotspot.
As a practical application of LED lighting systems, in addition to the basic lighting functions, it must also have the ability to adapt to the environment. For IP65 protection of outdoor luminaires, future maintenance of the luminaire system needs to be considered. In addition, the lamp has various forms such as integral, semi-integral and modular. The integral type mainly seals various devices in a complete sealed cavity, and the disadvantage is future maintenance; the semi-integral type mainly separates the short board that affects the life of the LED lamp system, and the other components form a sealed whole. Modular luminaires use multiple modules to form modular luminaires. At present, low-power lamps generally adopt the form of integrated lamps, and high-power lamps have a modular trend.
LED vision application
According to the overall plan of the report, LED applications include both visual and non-visual applications. In the visual application, the application of the light source as a direct observation object, such as a display/signal, is included to illuminate the object so that the human eye can see the general illumination of the object. Since LEDs are already mature as technologies such as display, the report is only a rough introduction. LED backlights, an important application area of ​​LEDs, have developed rapidly in recent years, and the integration with color science has produced many issues worthy of study. Due to the rush of time, the report mainly focuses on the application of general lighting in the following fields:
Landscape Lighting. The purpose is to form a corresponding landscape through illumination. Since there is a main body of the landscape in this kind of application, the illumination rendering that matches the main body of the landscape is a principle that must be followed, such as architectural lighting, personalized lighting, and the like. Since LEDs are relatively mature in landscape lighting technology, this report is only a brief introduction.
Tunnel, road lighting. With the support of ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of Science and Technology, China has conducted in-depth research on the application of LEDs in roads, tunnels, etc., including the standard and evaluation of LEDs for tunnel lighting, the form of lamps, etc., and has carried out the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel. The application practice of large-scale tunnels such as the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel is generally at the forefront of the world. On the road lighting, through the promotion of the “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Cities†project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, a large-scale demonstration practice was carried out.
Indoor lighting. There are many types of indoor lighting, and there are many types of lamps used. The application requirements are not the same. However, indoor lighting has something in common, that is, focusing on visual comfort and color rendering index. For medium and small power lamps in indoor lighting, the main competition is to compete with traditional light sources, fluorescent lights and incandescent lamps. The alternative forms of lamps are mostly in the form of integrated lamps. Coupled with the flexibility of LEDs, the future form of lighting is questionable.
The application of traffic signals. At present, the technology of LED application traffic signal has matured. This report discusses the development of LED in mobile traffic signals such as car lights, railway lights, marine/aviation lights and other applications. Since these applications generally require more accurate light distribution, and the small LED light-emitting point creates a good condition for the application of LED in these fields, similar to the application of traffic signals, the stage lighting of the film and television has also been greatly developed.
Among these applications, due to the characteristics of LEDs, focusing on control to achieve a certain lighting effect and energy conservation has become an important research direction.
Non-visual application of LED
The flexibility of LED in terms of spectrum, time and size has created a huge application prospect for LEDs beyond vision. The main content of this report focuses on the application of LED in plant cultivation, poultry farming, medical care and communication. Among them, LED is used for light filling of lettuce, spinach, beet, carrot and Dendrobium, and it has more significant effects than fluorescent lamps in seedling growth and normal growth. This is because the growth of plants mainly depends on the photosynthesis of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the leaves, while chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b mainly absorb the red and blue components in the spectrum. Therefore, it is possible to develop only red light and Blu-ray LED lamps achieve optimal plant growth by adjusting the red-blue ratio of different plants and different growth stages of the same plant. According to this research, the corresponding LED plant lighting fixtures were formed.
The use of LED for poultry farming is mainly to create an optimal light environment for poultry to promote its growth and development, improve meat quality and reduce morbidity. It is worth mentioning that poultry's perception of light is not exactly the same as that of humans. They have a fourth type of cone cell with a peak of about 415 nm. Therefore, the illumination of poultry must study the appropriate spectrum, while paying attention to the photoperiod of poultry.
In medical treatment, LEDs have been introduced to skin treatment and beauty, including photorejuvenation, treatment of acne, healing of skin wounds, etc., and some research has been carried out. Some applications have been clinically tested. In these applications, LEDs have greater advantages than lasers, including price, efficiency, spectral flexibility, spot size, and more.
In recent years, the application of LEDs in communication has made great progress, and LEDs as a carrier of signals (nearly unlimited free carriers), which is completely different from the channel resources required for wireless communication. LEDs for communication are an adjunct application of LEDs as a lighting application in the future. Strictly speaking, LED communication is not part of the lighting discipline, but an interdisciplinary subject related to lighting.
Edit: Cedar
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