Recently, a research team led by Dr. Sheng Zhigao from the Strong Magnetic Field Science Center at the Hefei Institute of Material Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Dr. Jin Dingming from Shanghai University and Su Fuhai from the Institute of Solid State Physics, has successfully developed the first graphene-based terahertz stress modulator. This breakthrough opens new possibilities for terahertz technology applications.
Terahertz (THz) waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging between 10¹¹ and 10¹³ Hz. Known for their unique spectral properties, THz technologies have promising applications in communication, security, sensing, and national defense. Often referred to as one of the top ten technologies that could reshape the future, THz modulators serve as core components in these systems. To achieve efficient and low-loss modulation, researchers are exploring new methods beyond traditional electrical and optical approaches.
In this study, Dr. Sheng's team designed a stress-modulated device using graphene, a two-dimensional material known for its exceptional electronic properties. They used a self-built terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system to investigate the device’s performance under different stresses. The results showed that the graphene-based device exhibits excellent modulation capabilities, with a modulation depth reaching up to 26% at 1 THz. It also demonstrates bidirectional modulation, meaning it can modulate terahertz waves positively or negatively depending on whether the material is stretched or compressed.
The device shows good repeatability and stability, thanks to graphene’s strong mechanical and electrical properties. Additionally, it features low insertion loss because the modulation mechanism relies on adjusting carrier mobility rather than generating unbalanced carriers, which is a common issue in other methods. This makes the stress-based approach more efficient and suitable for high-speed terahertz modulation. With such advantages, this technology holds great potential for future terahertz applications.
The findings were published in *Advanced Optical Materials*. The research was supported by several funding bodies, including the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key Research and Development Project, the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Frontier Science Key Project, and the “Thousand Young Talents†program.
For more details, you can read the full article here: [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adom.201700877/full](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adom.201700877/full)
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