The 51 MCU is a general term for all microcontrollers that are compatible with the Intel 8031 instruction set. The 51 single-chip microcontroller refers to the basic or most widely used model in this series. It's important to note that most 51-series microcontrollers do not have self-programming capabilities.
On the other hand, the STM32 family is specifically designed for embedded applications that require high performance, low cost, and low power consumption. These microcontrollers are based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core, making them more powerful and versatile for complex tasks.
Here are the main differences between the two:
1. **Architecture**:
The 51 microcontroller uses an 8-bit 51 core with a maximum clock speed of 2MHz (after frequency division), offering around 0.06 DMIPS. In contrast, the STM32 uses the 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 core, running at up to 72MHz, providing about 1.25 DMIPS.
2. **Address Space**:
The 51 series has a limited address space of only 64KB, while STM32 supports up to 4GB of addressable memory, making it suitable for larger applications.
3. **On-Chip Memory**:
The 51 series typically has ROM ranging from 2K to 64K and RAM from 128B to 1K. STM32 offers significantly more memory, with ROM from 20K to 1MB and RAM from 8K to 256K.
4. **Peripherals**:
The 51 microcontroller includes only a few peripherals like three timers and one serial port. STM32, on the other hand, comes with a wide range of peripherals such as ADC, DAC, timers, WWDG, IWDG, CRC, DMA, I²C, SPI, USART, and many Others.
5. **Development Tools**:
The 51 series traditionally uses older tools like UV2, while STM32 supports more advanced development environments such as UV4 and even higher versions, offering better support and features.
6. **Operating System Support**:
Running real-time operating systems (RTOS) like RTOS is challenging on 51 MCUs. However, STM32 can easily run uC/OS or uClinux, enabling more complex multitasking and system management.
In summary, the 51 MCU is lightweight, easy to start with, and ideal for simple control tasks. It's less powerful but very straightforward for beginners. On the other hand, STM32 is a 32-bit processor with rich peripherals, making it suitable for more demanding applications. Although it may be more complex to get started with, its performance and flexibility make it a popular choice for modern embedded systems. The 51 is based on a von Neumann architecture, while STM32 uses a Harvard architecture, allowing faster data processing and improved efficiency.
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