As a machine tool for machining box and shell parts, the machining center is worth hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. It is generally the key equipment for key processes in enterprises. Once the machine is down, the losses are often large. Therefore, in order to fully To make the most of the benefits of machine tools, we must pay attention to maintenance and repair work. Since the daily occurrence of CNC machine tools is mostly electrical failure, electrical maintenance and maintenance are more important. Daily maintenance of machining center 1) CNC system control part It includes numerical control unit, power supply module, I/O interface, servo amplifier, spindle amplifier, operation panel, display and so on. In maintenance, it is mainly to check whether the relevant voltage values ​​are within the specified range; whether the electrical components are loosely connected; whether the fan of each functional module is operating normally, and remove dust from the fan and dust filter net. For example, the FANUC18I MB system has a 750 spindle serial chain start failure alarm, which is a fault caused by loose electrical components. The loose signal line can be plugged into power supply and the alarm can be eliminated.
2) The servo motor and spindle motor are partially checked for noise and temperature rise. If the noise or temperature rise is too large, you should find out whether it is a mechanical problem such as a bearing or a parameter setting problem of the amplifier that matches it, and take corresponding measures to solve it. For example: the servo shaft has abnormal sound during the movement. After checking, there is no obvious parameter change. It is suspected that it may be due to the mechanical noise caused by the screw, the coupling and the servo motor. The motor and the coupling can be removed. Open, run the motor separately. If the motor still has noise, adjust the speed loop gain and position loop gain properly to make the motor silent. If there is no noise, judge the concentricity of the screw and the coupling, recalibrate the concentricity, and then The motor is connected and the problem can be eliminated.
3) The measuring feedback component includes an encoder, a grating scale, etc., and checks whether the connection of the detecting component is loose and whether it is contaminated by oil or dust.
4) The electrical control part checks whether the three-phase power supply voltage is normal; check whether the electrical components are connected well; check whether the various switches are valid by means of the CRT display diagnostic screen; check whether the relays and contactors work normally, the contacts are good; the thermal relay, Whether the protection components such as the arc suppressor are effective; check if the internal components of the electrical cabinet are too hot. For poor contact of the contactor contacts, the contactor can be disassembled, the high temperature oxide on the contact surface is frustrated with a small file, then the debris is wiped out with absorbent cotton and alcohol, reassembled, and the contact is made with a multimeter. Conduction test.
5) Increasing the utilization rate If the machining center is idle for a long time, when it is needed, firstly, the movement links of the machine tool will affect the static and dynamic transmission performance due to solidification, dust and even rust, and reduce the accuracy of the machine tool. The blockage is even more annoying; from an electrical point of view, the electrical control system hardware is made up of tens of thousands of electronic components, and their performance and longevity are highly discrete. If it is not used for a long time, when it is suddenly powered, the components will be damaged in high current and strong voltage. Therefore, in the absence of a processing task for a period of time, it is best to run the machine at a lower speed, at least to constantly power the CNC system, and even power every day.
I have encountered this situation: a horizontal machining center using the FANUC system. After the warm-up procedure was run, it was processed and found to be qualified parts in the morning. At noon, the processed parts failed. After inspection by the on-site processing personnel, the positioning and fixture on the machine tool are not deformed or loose. However, when the spindle housing is not machined, it will deviate downward by 0.1 mm along the direction of the gravity axis. The technician judges that the temperature compensation is out of order or the temperature sensor is in poor contact. However, after replacing the temperature sensor and temperature module and re-entering the CNC parameters and temperature compensation parameters, the phenomenon still appears. After the expert consultation, it was finally discovered that it was not a sensor problem, but the machine tool was facing the main shaft and the column with a skylight of 2 meters long and 1 meter wide. At noon, the sun shines directly on the main shaft and the column, and thermal deformation occurs. After the sunroof is covered, the spindle housing returns to normal. This is a typical maintenance failure caused by improper maintenance. Therefore, proper daily maintenance provides convenience for overall maintenance in the future.
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