With the development of science and technology, automotive electronic GPS navigation technology came into being. Three-dimensional navigation is the primary function of GPS, and car navigation system is a new technology developed on the basis of GPS. GPS navigation system communicates with electronic maps and radio The combination of network and computer vehicle management information system can realize many functions such as vehicle tracking and traffic management. With the development of China's economy, as well as the rapid construction of high-grade highways and the gradual deepening of GPS technology application research, its application in road engineering And the application in transportation will be more extensive and in-depth, and play a greater role.
Three-dimensional navigation is the primary function of GPS. Aircraft, ships, ground vehicles and pedestrians can use GPS navigation receivers to navigate. Car navigation system is a new technology developed on the basis of GPS. It consists of GPS navigation, autonomous navigation, microprocessor, vehicle speed sensor, gyro sensor, CD-ROM drive, and LCD display.
In GPS navigation, a GPS receiver receives GPS satellite signals (more than three), and obtains the latitude and longitude coordinates, speed, time and other information of the point. In order to improve the accuracy of car navigation and positioning, differential GPS technology is usually used. When the car travels to underground tunnels, high-rise buildings, highways and other coverings and cannot capture GPS satellite signals, the system can automatically import an autonomous navigation system. At this time, the speed of the car is detected by the speed sensor, and the micro-processing unit Data processing directly calculates the distance traveled from speed and time. The gyro sensor directly detects the direction of travel. The gyroscope can also automatically store various data. The system can be reset even when the tire is temporarily stopped.
The coordinates of the car's position and the direction of travel measured by GPS satellite navigation and autonomous navigation all have a certain error with the actual route trajectory. In order to correct the error between the two and make it unified with the route on the map, a map is required Matching technology, plus a map matching circuit, real-time correlation matching of the route of the car and the error on the road on the electronic map, and automatic correction. At this time, the map matching circuit is quickly processed through the finishing process of the micro-processing unit to obtain the car The correct location on the electronic map to indicate the correct driving route. The CD-ROM is used to store information such as road data, and the LCD display is used to display navigation-related information.
GPS navigation system combined with car electronic map, radio communication network and computer vehicle management information system can realize many functions such as vehicle tracking and traffic management, such as
Tools / raw materials
1. Vehicle tracking
2. Provide travel route planning and navigation
3. Information query
4. Traffic Command
5. Emergency assistance
Step / Method
1. Vehicle tracking
Using GPS and electronic maps can display the actual position of the vehicle in real time, and can zoom in, zoom out, restore, and change the picture arbitrarily; can move with the target to keep the target always on the screen; it can also achieve multiple windows, multiple vehicles, and multiple screens Tracking, using this function to track and transport important vehicles and goods.
2. Provide travel route planning and navigation
Planning travel routes is an important auxiliary function of a car navigation system, including:
Automatic route planning: The driver determines the starting point and the ending point, and the computer software automatically designs the best driving route according to the requirements, including the fastest route, the simplest route, and the route with the least number of highway sections.
Manual route design: The driver designs the starting point, ending point and passing point according to his destination, and automatically establishes a route library. After the route planning is completed, the display can display the designed route on the electronic map, and at the same time display the vehicle running path and method.
3. Information query
Provide users with main objects, such as tourist attractions, hotels, hospitals and other databases, users can query on electronic maps as needed.
Inquiry information can be displayed in the form of text, language and images, and its location is displayed on the electronic map. At the same time, the monitoring center can use the monitoring console to query the location of any target in the area, and the vehicle information will be displayed on the electronic map of the control center in digital form.
4. Traffic Command
The command center can monitor the running status of the vehicles in the area and make reasonable dispatches to the monitored vehicles. The command center can also talk to the tracked target at any time to implement management.
5. Emergency assistance
Through GPS positioning and monitoring management system, emergency assistance can be provided to vehicles in danger or accidents. The electronic map of the monitoring station can display help information and alarm targets, plan the optimal assistance plan, and alert the on-duty personnel with an alarm sound and light for emergency treatment.
The research and application of GPS technology in automotive electronic navigation and traffic management engineering has just started in China, and foreign research in this area has already begun and has achieved certain results. The University of Calgary, Canada has designed a dynamic positioning system, which includes a strapdown inertial system, two GPS receivers and a microcomputer, which can measure the linear parameters of existing roads and serve the road management system. The United States has developed a road traffic management system for cities. The system uses GPS and GIS to build a road database. The database contains a variety of current data, such as the exact location of the road, pavement conditions, and road facilities. The official operation in 2014 has played an important role in urban road traffic management.
In recent years, various systems for vehicle guidance have been developed abroad, in which the real-time determination of vehicle position mainly relies on inertial measurement systems and wheel sensors. With the development of technology, GPS has a tendency to replace the first two methods. The GPS positioning used for urban vehicle guidance is generally to set up a reference station in the city. The on-board GPS receives the information transmitted by the reference station in real time, and the real-time position can be calculated after differential processing. The current position and the target to be reached are on the road. By performing optimization calculations on the Internet, the optimal route to the goal can be displayed on the road electronic map to serve vehicles such as public security, fire fighting, emergency repair, and first aid.
GPS is one of the most pioneering high-tech technologies developed in recent years, and it will inevitably be more and more widely used in many fields. I believe that with the development of China's economy, the rapid construction of high-grade highways and the gradual deepening of the application research of GPS technology, its application in road engineering and transportation will be more extensive and in-depth, and play a greater role.
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Short circuit protection:The following test shall be performed. Charge batteriesas specified in ; use of 4.6.3 is permitted. Measure and record the OCV. Short each battery across all the positive and negative terminals with a total external resistance not greater than 50 milliohms. After one hour remove the short from across the terminals. Measure and record the OCV. Stabilize batteries at the normal conditions of 4.3.1 for not less than 2 hours. Chargebatteries in accordance with 4.6; use of 4.6.3 is permitted. Stabilize batteries at normal conditions for not less than 2 hours, then discharge the battery in accordance with 4.7.2.3. The battery shall meet the requirements of 3.7.2.3.
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Charge voltage: 16.8V
Nominal voltage : 14.8V (4S7P)
Initial impedance : 120mΩ
Nominal capacity: 19.6Ah
Minimum capacity: 19.4Ah
Communication methods : SMBUS data communication
Electricity quantity show: LCD Electricity quantity show
Charge current: Standard Charging::0.2C5A (3.9A)
Rapid charge: 0.5C5A C(9.8A) Max
Standard Charging method : 3.9A(0.2C5A) CC(constant current)charge to 16.8V,then CV(constant voltage 16.8V)charge till charge current decline to ≤196mA(≈0.01C5A)
Charging time:Standard Charging: 6.5hours(Ref.)
Rapid charge: 3.5 hours(Ref.)
Max.discharge current: 9.8A(0.5C5A)
Discharge cut-off voltage: 10.0V
Cycle life (0.2C5A/0.2C5A) : 500 items,≧80%DOD; 300 times,≧80%DOD
Operating temperature : Charging: 0℃~45℃
Discharging:-20℃~+60℃
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