In the era of Industry 4.0, the first thing to achieve is intelligent production. For example, in some intelligent production plants for filling beverages, production equipment and management information systems are connected separately, and equipment and information systems are also connected. Through a radio frequency identification technology, the raw materials and production equipment can be effectively connected to realize wireless communication. Personalized production can be achieved when producing some beverages. For example, according to special needs, some bottles can be filled with sweetness, or some special beverages can be produced according to the health of some customers. In short, it is possible to realize multi-variety, small-batch, and customized production on the same production line, and realize that each bottle of filled beverages is completely privately customized from the moment of online order placement. This is intelligent production.
The production process is intelligent and the products produced are equally intelligent. For example, today's smart bracelets, smart bicycles, smart running shoes, driverless cars, etc. are all ideas. These products are no longer independent equipment after leaving the production line in the past, but are still connected to the data collection end, and continuously upload data to the cloud for user management.
At the same time, although the product has left the factory production line, it can still collect the user's data and status and upload it to the manufacturer, which makes a new business model possible, charges the continued service and realizes production service. Once such a state is achieved, all manufacturers will be transformed into service providers. If you buy a smart car, the car will continuously collect the surrounding data to determine your driving route, and the entire transportation system will be fully serviced. Unmanned cars will replace countless people driving, and the driver's license may no longer be tested.
In the era of Industry 4.0, the equipment of the factory has also become intelligent. The plant's intelligence and industrialization began to merge, and the cloud factory was created. Intelligent factory equipment will continuously collect and upload its own data to the industrial Internet. At this time, which factories are running at full capacity and which are idle, they can be allocated to achieve resource optimization.
When the cloud factory emerges, there will be a greater innovation climax in China's industrial sector, and the entire society will be profoundly changed.
The industry 4.0 era is not a change in the whole world, it will affect the entire industrial production process, and thus affect people's lives. I can't imagine how intelligent the earth will be in the era of Industry 4.0.
Industry 4.0 will subvert the automotive industry
Among various industries, the automobile manufacturing industry should be the industry most affected by Industry 4.0. The traditional automobile industry has lasted for half a century, perhaps for too long, and the model is too deep, which makes them far less flexible in the transformation than the cars they manufacture. Tesla, as a dark horse in the modern automobile industry, has given people enough surprises, but most traditional car manufacturers have not seen its emergence as a trend.
In April of this year, when Tesla's share price hovered around $250, it added to the pessimistic view of the emerging auto industry. After all, the lack of cash flow is fatal, and the four major families of GM, Ford, Toyota, and Volkswagen have a long-lasting battle to eat. When the four major families joined hands to fight the cost war, that is, when Tesla died.
However, even the most powerful things can't resist the changes in the environment. As a tyrant who once ruled the earth, the dinosaurs did not become today's fossils in the harsh environment; the king of the mobile phone industry, Nokia, had a market value of 200 billion US dollars, and now it is also sluggish. The extinction of dinosaurs and the failure of Nokia are not because they have encountered strong opponents, but because they do not have the viability in a new environment.
As the Volkswagen Group proud of the German industry, in recent years, holding a general-purpose model, today added a cushion, change the engine tomorrow, adjust the price the day after tomorrow, and then start a tall name, it will be sold as a new car to the user. . It is no wonder that Germany took the lead in proposing the concept of Industry 4.0, and they may not be able to stand it anyway.
In the process of the advancement and evolution of Industry 4.0, two points are very important. One is wisdom-led, through the research of intelligent production systems and processes, and networked distributed production facilities to complete the industrial upgrade; on the other hand, relying on scientific and technological strength to ensure that intelligent production, human-computer interaction, 3D printing and other technologies in automobile production Application on.
In addition, in the distribution, Industry 4.0 actually carried out unified planning and upgrading from raw materials to production, from distribution to the entire system of consumers. It must be said here that Tesla's direct sales model is very consistent with the characteristics of this era. We always mention Internet thinking, but more is to dare to let go of experiments in small places. And Tesla, a store like the Apple mobile phone, has undoubtedly changed the entire industry.
Maybe one day, the car is no longer the tallest in the 4S store. We can customize the order by mobile phone, and then the personalized car will be parked in your parking space by autopilot. It seems to be far away, in fact, it is close at hand. Business thinking will always be ahead of the times, and ultimately we will benefit every consumer.
Solve the eight waste problems in manufacturing
The concept of lean production has been deeply rooted in the manufacturing industry. A good manufacturing process not only reduces waste, but also greatly increases production efficiency. The eight wastes of lean production include the following:
1. Overproduction
2. Waiting time at the scene
3. Unnecessary transportation
4. Over-processing or incorrect handling
5, excess inventory
6, unnecessary mobile handling
7, hehe. Produce fakes or things that must be modified
8. Unused employee creativity
By the same token, if the rest of the society is redundant and wasteful, it will be a burden for the manufacturing industry. When the economy is good, it will not be exposed. When the economy is not good, the contradictions will be highlighted. To give some examples, we can often encounter in our daily lives:
1. Toll station on the expressway, let us not say whether the charge is reasonable. Just say that the car stops, picks up the card, stops at the toll booth, queues up, pays the money, leaving people has caused a lot of waste, waiting for waste At the time of idling, the emission of exhaust gas increased, and the toll collectors did not create value at all, but only an intermediary for income transfer. (time spent at the site + employee creativity not used)
2. To handle the complicated document procedures, I believe that everyone has the experience of the past government units to apply for documents. If you open a company to run a business, you will not say it. Baby is the account of this. Everyone has to go through the process. The process: the family planning needs to go to the account. The department issues a birth permit certificate - "The hospital issues a birth certificate based on the birth certificate" - the police station re-registers according to the birth certificate. This is already the most ideal situation. If you work in Beishang Guangshen and the account is not over, the procedure is too complicated to make you collapse. Such troublesome procedures will not increase any output and welfare. On the contrary, because the government departments are all five-day work system, in order to handle these procedures, it is usually necessary to apply for leave. (time waiting at the site + unnecessary transportation)
3. Express, the price of online shopping is much cheaper than the physical store, we even need some online products to save costs, and these can be bought in the convenience store downstairs. (unnecessary transportation + unused employee creativity)
4. There are still some posts, which are derived from the special circumstances of the national conditions, which are difficult to see in other countries, such as traffic coordinators, urban management, urban parking fee collectors, and a large number of security personnel. (over-processing or incorrect handling + unused employee creativity)
5. The waste of public goods, we often see that we are building roads today. In a few days, the municipal government may have to plan the repair network. It is not only a waste of manpower and material resources, but also traffic congestion and atmospheric dust pollution. (over processed or incorrect processing)
6. Real estate, a large amount of funds are idling in the real estate industry, no entry into the physical industry, real estate inventories increase, while prices rise, the cost of capital in the real industry rises (excess inventory).
When talking about manufacturing, it is said that the high wage level of workers affects the export of enterprises and reduces their international competitiveness. Our wage level is much lower than that of Germany and Japan. It is not on an order of magnitude. The key is the efficiency of personnel.
Manufacturing is the department that creates wealth. The service industry is only the transfer or redistribution of income. However, some of the above-mentioned jobs, even services, are not counted, and are completely the departments that increase social costs.
Because these departments exist in the operation of society, it is undoubtedly increasing the total cost of society and reducing the overall efficiency. To put it simply, there are fewer people doing things, but there are more people when they divide the cake, and in many cases, people who have no output are separated. These costs are reflected indirectly or directly to the cost of the business. For a long time, it means that many people do not enter the real economy, and they need to collect more taxes or extra expenses to raise these people.
Having said that, what is difficult to recruit, and the high wages of workers are not the main reason for the high cost of enterprises. The transaction costs of the whole society are too high, resulting in a large amount of manpower and material waste. People engaged in industrial manufacturing must raise so much. People, how can they be competitive. China's manufacturing industry workers hold the most hourly wages, the longest working hours, basically reached the limit, and it is unrealistic to continue to explore the potential of workers. China's GDP is already large, and fixed investment accounts for a large portion. However, the construction of a house where no one lives, the removal of the newly repaired road, the number is rising, but it does not increase the quality of our lives. Only when the manufacturing industry flourishes and produces high-quality products that meet everyone's needs, the quality of life can be improved.
The key to Industry 4.0 is smart internet
Chen Yanghui, director and vice president of Bao Qianli Group, said that the essence of Industry 4.0 is “Internet + Manufacturingâ€, which is the intelligent Internet, which represents the future development direction of the Internet. It is not only an extension of the traditional Internet in the industrial field, but a large connected world in which people are connected with things and things are connected with things. Combined with the development of Bao Qianli Group, Chen Yanghui explained the impact of smart Internet technology on the future development of various industries. The intelligent Internet ecosystem built by Bao Qianli Group is based on platform-based intelligent hardware, equipped with a big data cloud platform, and provides a full-market platform for intelligent hardware + solutions for Bai Bai Baiye. At present, platform-type intelligent hardware has formed four product lines: cross-border new smart phones, smart cloud screens, intelligent robots, and intelligent networked cars. This is the solution for providing intelligent Internet operations for Baibaibaiye. This model is one of the practical modes of National Strategic Internet+.
For the future development of Industry 4.0, Chen Yanghui believes that the biggest change brought to the manufacturing industry by the Industry 4.0 era will be business model innovation, along with the popularization of intelligent Internet based on Internet of Things technology and cloud computing, cross-border new smart phones. Platform-based intelligent hardware such as smart cloud screens, intelligent robots, intelligent networked vehicles, intelligent logistics, and intelligent services will become new entrances to the business ecosystem, bringing subversive changes to business models in various industries.
For Industry 4.0, the essence is "Internet + Manufacturing", which is the revolution of the entire Chinese era. At this stage, China's industrial industry needs to be transformed and upgraded, and there are huge opportunities for change. How to use this opportunity of change to integrate with the capital market and explore China's own industry road is another issue worth pondering.
In this regard, Gao Zhaoming, a partner of Mingzhao Capital, believes that for the banking industry, the changes in the corporate credit model will lead to innovation in supply chain finance, and the types of mortgageable assets will be more abundant.
Automated production efficiency increased by 25%
Since the official launch of the Industry 4.0 concept at the Hannover Messe in April 2013, Germany has spared no effort to make it a new business card, hoping to lead a new round of industrial revolution on a global scale.
With the rise of the concept of Industry 4.0 in China, robotics, 3D printing, and VR technology have become the products of great interest in major technology exhibitions. “Industry 4.0 is not a matter of buying a few robots or introducing several sets of automated production techniques. This is a new wave of industrial innovation.†Du Wei said that this will not only increase the depth of value creation, but also affect the factory and Strategic investment and production network layout.
BCG's latest release of "Industry 4.0: Future Productivity and Manufacturing Development Prospects" points out that the fourth industrial revolution will connect physical physical systems and electronic systems through smart integrated sensing technology (CPS) and dynamic data processing. Collect and analyze data between machines, anticipate errors, and constantly adjust themselves to adapt to changing environments.
Compared with the traditional manufacturing relationship, Du Wei emphasized that the core concept of Industry 4.0 is cross-border integration, high automation and optimization of the production process. In the horizontal direction, this means the integration of various departments in the design, research and development, procurement, production, sales, logistics and after-sales services. In the vertical direction, this means integration at the enterprise level, factory management level, operational control level, management level and first-line level.
“Industry 4.0 can bring multiple benefits that could not be achieved at the same time.†Du Wei pointed out that it can shorten the time from idea to finished product through data analysis and simulation technology, speed up the process, and increase flexibility to achieve customized production; By increasing automation, reducing setup time, reducing inventory and increasing productivity, sensors and brakes can be used to monitor production in real time to improve production quality.
"China's economic transformation will inevitably pose challenges for traditional low-cost manufacturing. Manufacturing companies can only afford to increase their labor costs if they advance to the upstream of the value chain." Du Wei believes that Industry 4.0 is a transformation of China's manufacturing industry. The important policy lever.
Du Wei analyzed that the benefits brought by Industry 4.0 are mainly reflected in the improvement of production efficiency. According to BCG's calculation, China's total cost efficiency will increase by 5%-8%, and conversion cost (excluding raw materials) will increase efficiency by 15-25%.
According to BCG calculations, the cumulative cost of sales of China's manufacturing industry is about 85 trillion yuan, which means that the overall industrial production efficiency of China's industry has a potential of 4 trillion to 6 trillion yuan. The level of improvement in various industries will vary. Among them, industrial original manufacturers may achieve the highest production efficiency increase, an increase of 20% -35%, while the car company's increase rate is 10% - 20%.
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