Satellite downlink signals typically come in two polarization types: linear and circular. Linear polarization is further divided into horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarizations, while circular polarization includes right-hand (R) and left-hand (L) helical polarizations. As a result, there are corresponding tuners designed for each type—linear and circular. I haven't personally encountered a circularly polarized high-frequency head, but it should be the specialized equipment used to receive such signals.
One of the key advantages of using a circularly polarized tuner is that it allows for signal reception without adjusting the polarization angle, making it much more convenient to use. However, in this article, I will mainly focus on linear polarization tuners and the methods for receiving linearly polarized signals.
1. **Identifying H and V Polarization on a Linear Tuner**
Most high-frequency heads labeled as C or Ku bands have a V-polarization scale. However, not all scales are accurate. To determine the correct polarization, remove the plastic cover at the front of the tuner. You'll see two perpendicular probes, known as the polarization probes, along with a slightly thicker strut. The direction aligned with the strut corresponds to H-polarization, while the direction perpendicular to the strut represents V-polarization.
2. **Proper Placement of a Linearly Polarized High-Frequency Head**
First, determine your location's longitude. If the satellite you're trying to receive is directly south of you, this is the most important factor. In that case, the V-pin on your tuner should be positioned vertically up or down. For example, if your location is 110.5°E, then Xinuo No.1 at 110.5°E would be directly south of you. When receiving this satellite, the V-pin on your tuner should be aligned vertically.
If the satellite is not directly south, you need to adjust the tuner accordingly. The amount of adjustment depends on how far east or west the satellite is from the southern direction. You can estimate this by rotating the tuner east or west by the same approximate angle. I've been doing this for over six years and have never used a protractor or square—it's all about experience.
Note: You can also check antenna alignment online, and some devices like the ATV HIC5288 can assist with this process.
3. **Placing a Linearly Polarized High-Frequency Head to Receive Circular Polarization Signals**
When receiving circularly polarized signals, there is generally no strict requirement for polarization orientation. However, placing the tuner in a way similar to the method used for linear polarization often yields the best results. Additionally, using a polarizer can help improve signal quality.
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