High technology is the leading force in the development of the industry, and the industry must be strong in science and technology. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to high-tech development. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core emphasized the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, vigorously promoted comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core, and accelerated the construction of an innovative country.
China has made a series of major breakthroughs in high-tech fields such as manned space flight, supercomputing and mobile communications, which has strongly supported the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and the significant improvement of comprehensive national strength. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are gestating, and major disruptive technologies are constantly emerging. It is necessary to further promote the leading role of high technology, accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies, vigorously develop high-tech industries, and accelerate the transition from manufacturing to manufacturing. Strong country.
Manufacturing is the mainstay of the national economy and the main battlefield for technological innovation. Since the reform and opening up, we have actively explored the new industrialization road with Chinese characteristics, introduced a series of industrial technology innovation policy initiatives, focused on original innovation, integrated innovation and introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation, and accelerated high-tech innovation and industrialization. In particular, the implementation of “Made in China 2025†will take the next ten areas of information technology, high-end equipment, new materials and biomedicine as strategic priorities, guide the gathering of various resources in the society, and promote the innovation and development of the manufacturing industry to achieve remarkable results.
1 High-tech industry supports the rapid development of manufacturing industry Since the 20th century and the 1980s, China's high-tech industries have developed from scratch, from small to large, and achieved leap-forward development. During the period from the 10th Five-Year Plan to the 12th Five-Year Plan, the average annual growth rate of high-tech industries was significantly faster than that of industrial enterprises above designated size. The share of added value of high-tech manufacturing industry to the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased from 7.7% in 2000 to 12.7% in 2017.
At present, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of high-tech products. The output of computers, mobile phones, color TVs, integrated circuits, vaccines and other products ranks first in the world. Emerging industries such as industrial robots, new energy vehicles, drones, and 3D printing are accelerating growth.
Driven by the high-tech industry, China's manufacturing industry has also maintained a rapid growth trend. In 2010, it surpassed the United States and became the world's largest manufacturing country. In 2016, the added value of China's manufacturing industry was 36% higher than that of the United States, four times that of the other four countries in the BRICS. According to the 2016 Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index issued by Deloitte and the US Competitiveness Council, China, the United States and Germany are among the top three most competitive countries.
At the beginning of reform and opening up, China implemented a series of high-tech research and development plans ("863" plan), national key basic research and development plan ("973" plan), science and technology research plan, torch plan and other scientific and technological plans to solve a number of key technology bottlenecks. .
Since entering the new century, especially the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have effectively promoted breakthroughs in key areas through the implementation of major national science and technology projects such as “nuclear high-baseâ€, broadband mobile communications, high-end CNC machine tools, and large aircraft.
In the aerospace industry, the "Shenzhou 11" spacecraft and "Tiangong No. 2" successfully rendezvous and docked, the "Beidou" satellite navigation area system was fully completed and put into operation, the world's first quantum satellite launched successfully, C919 large passenger aircraft, AG600 amphibious aircraft The first flight was successful, and the ARJ21 regional airliner was put into commercial operation.
In terms of rail transit, China Standard EMU successfully completed the world's first 420-kilometer hour-to-hour exchange test and conducted passenger test.
In terms of nuclear power technology, the third-generation nuclear power technology represented by “Hualong No.1†and CAP1400 realizes independent research and development. In the aspect of high-end CNC machine tools, the large vertical five-axis linkage machining center has been successfully developed, and the 6400-ton large-scale fast and efficient automatic stamping production line has been exported to developed countries.
In terms of information technology, "Shenwei Taihu Light" became the world's first supercomputer with a peak computing speed of more than one billion billion. The integrated circuit 28nm chip process technology entered mass production, and the high-generation LCD panel production reached the 10.5 generation line.
In terms of mobile communications, China's leading TD-LTE standard has become one of the two major international standards for 4G, and 5G R&D is in the leading global echelon. China's manufacturing technology innovation level has entered a new stage of tracking, running and leading.
Focusing on enhancing the independent innovation capability of the industry, we will accelerate the construction of a technological innovation system that combines enterprises as the mainstay, market-oriented, and production, education and research.
Organized the implementation of the manufacturing innovation center construction project, guided by the industrial application, launched the power battery, additive manufacturing, information optoelectronics, etc. 5 national manufacturing innovation center construction, encouraged more than 60 provincial level Manufacturing Innovation Center.
The organization identified 494 national technology innovation demonstration enterprises and fully absorbed the enterprises to participate in the national major science and technology projects. The implementation of industrial strong foundation projects has initially solved the problem of “card neck†in a number of key areas.
We will promote the in-depth development of military-civilian integration, establish and improve the construction of a small-scale, large-cooperation, specialized, and open-type weapon and equipment research and production system. The synergy between the military and civilian science and technology and the level of shared sharing will be significantly improved.
In 2017, China's total social research and development expenditures accounted for 2.12% of GDP, of which industrial enterprises accounted for more than 78% of R&D expenditure. The international competitiveness of a number of high-tech enterprises such as Huawei, Haier, Lenovo and China Railway has been significantly enhanced.
With the accelerated integration of a new generation of information technology and manufacturing technology, the manufacturing methods, organization methods and development models of the manufacturing industry are undergoing profound changes. Focusing on the main line of the two depths, the intelligent manufacturing is the main direction of attack, and adheres to the parallel development road of “Industrial 2.0 Supplementary Course, 3.0 Popularization, 4.0 Demonstrationâ€, breaking through key technical equipment, and initially establishing a number of digital workshops and smart factories. We will deepen the development of integration of manufacturing and the Internet, accelerate the construction of a “double-created†platform for Internet-based manufacturing, and promote the development of large and medium-sized enterprises. The penetration rate of “double-creative†platforms for manufacturing backbone enterprises is close to 70%. Accelerate the layout of the industrial Internet, the industrial Internet standard system framework 1.0 was launched, and the industrial Internet platforms in the fields of aerospace, home appliances, and machinery accelerated.
With the help of information technology penetration and integration, new modes of manufacturing, such as personalized customization, collaborative research and development, and service-oriented manufacturing, are becoming more and more abundant, and industrial service industries such as industrial design, information technology, and energy-saving services are gradually growing.
By the end of 2017, the penetration rate of digital R&D and design tools for industrial enterprises above designated size reached 63.3%, the digitalization rate of production equipment reached 44.8%, and the digital equipment networking rate was 39.0%, which greatly improved the innovation capability and R&D efficiency of enterprises.
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a series of major political theories such as the entry of socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era, and determined the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and opening a new journey for building a socialist modernized country. To achieve modernization, industrialization is the premise, manufacturing is the dominant force, and informationization is a strong support. Standing in a new historical position, China's manufacturing innovation and development not only faces rare historical opportunities and favorable conditions, but also faces many difficulties and challenges.
1 From the perspective of development opportunities, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation have provided a historical opportunity for China to achieve “curve overtaking†At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolutions and industrial changes are accelerating, and information networks, biotechnology, clean energy, new materials and advanced manufacturing are breeding a number of disruptive technologies. New forms of Internet such as industrial Internet, Internet of Things, and Internet of Vehicles are emerging. Big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other application technologies are expanding and upgrading. The 5G era is opening. The military and civilian "integrated" national defense technology innovation and production system are deeply integrated, and the industry accelerates toward high-end, intelligent, green and service development. The digital economy is becoming An important driving force for global industrial change and economic growth.
Faced with the rising tide of technological innovation, countries around the world have paid more attention to industrial technology innovation, especially manufacturing technology innovation. They have launched a series of high-tech and "re-industrialization" strategies to accelerate the forward-looking layout of emerging areas. After long-term accumulation, China has formed outstanding advantages in improving infrastructure, enriching human capital, completing industrial systems, and broad market space. It is entirely possible for us to seize the historical opportunity of this technological revolution and industrial transformation, concentrate on seeking breakthroughs in some key areas, and accelerate the move to the high end of the global value chain.
In the past, industrial technology innovation mainly developed in a single discipline or a single field, on the basis of which the formation of iconic products and leading enterprises. This traditional single-field, single-handed, single-handed innovation is gradually entering history, and cross-disciplinary and integrated collaborative innovation is beginning to emerge, accelerating the development of depth and becoming the main direction of future manufacturing innovation.
At present, China's technological innovation basically maintains the traditional process of successive advancement of R&D to industrialization. The parallel synchronization of all links in the innovation chain has not yet been realized. The innovation resources carried by enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions are relatively scattered, and it is difficult to form an efficient and synergistic industrial common technology research and development system, resulting in low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements. Relevant data show that the conversion rate of China's scientific and technological achievements is only 10%, far lower than the 40% of the developed countries.
We need to deploy an innovation chain around the industrial chain, allocate a capital chain around the innovation chain, innovate a common technology research and development mechanism, make up for the missing links between laboratory technology, products and industrialization, solve the so-called "death valley" problem, and build an industry-university research. Deep integration of technological innovation systems.
With the wide application and deep expansion of the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, the flow of capital, technology, talents, data and other factors has been expanding globally, the technology spillover effect has been continuously enhanced, and the imitation barriers and monopoly profits of technological innovation have fallen sharply. .
Under the modern market conditions, the profit model that relies solely on technological innovation has been broken, and the importance of business model innovation has become increasingly prominent. In particular, the accelerated integration of manufacturing and modern service industries, consumers began to pursue personalized, intelligent, and experiential products and services, which has spawned new modes of new business such as crowdsourcing, innovation, and crowdfunding.
As business model innovations are more market-oriented, innovations are often translated into real business value. In recent years, a group of Internet companies have achieved rapid development through the organic combination of technological innovation and business model innovation.
We need to pay more attention to the integration and interaction of technological innovation and business model innovation, and encourage more business model innovation in emerging areas such as new energy vehicles, Internet of Things, energy conservation and environmental protection.
As the market competition becomes increasingly fierce, the key to industrial competition gradually extends from products and technologies to quality brands, standards and intellectual property. The key to an enterprise's pursuit of development in a market economy is to master standards, adapt to standards, and participate in standards development.
Some multinational corporations have earned high monopoly profits by relying on technical standards and core patents accumulated over the years. Despite important progress in China's manufacturing innovation, core technologies are still subject to people, and there is a big gap between them in developed countries in terms of quality brands, standards and intellectual property rights.
We must adapt to the changes in the competitive situation of this industry. In addition to continuing to promote innovation in products and technologies, we must attach great importance to quality brands, standards and intellectual property rights, strengthen the guidance and restraint role of the standard system, and enhance the ability to use intellectual property rights. Continuously enhance the global competitiveness of China's manufacturing.
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. Innovation is the first driving force for development and the strategic support for building a modern economic system. At present, the economic situation at home and abroad is still complicated, and the task of building a strong country is arduous and urgent.
We will thoroughly implement the internship in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, firmly grasp the fundamental requirements of high-quality development, firmly adhere to the new industrialization path with Chinese characteristics, and improve the quality of the manufacturing supply system. In the direction, we will comprehensively implement "Made in China 2025", strengthen innovation drive, reform promotion, and integration, accelerate the breakthrough of high-tech innovation and the application of results transformation, promote quality change, efficiency change, power change, and promote new progress in building a strong country.
We will steadily implement the construction project of the National Manufacturing Innovation Center, focus on the strategic and leading major common needs, and build a number of high-level manufacturing innovation centers. Accelerate the upgrading of five national-level manufacturing innovation centers such as power batteries, additive manufacturing, printing and flexible displays, and deploy a number of national innovation centers in key areas.
Highlight the collaboration, marketization, industrialization and sustainable development orientation, and promote the provinces where key industries gather to create provincial-level manufacturing innovation centers, and focus on building an open manufacturing innovation network system. Continue to promote the identification of national technology innovation demonstration enterprises and key laboratories, and launch a number of national-level innovation design centers. Strengthen industrial infrastructure capacity building, implement industrial strong foundation projects, build a systemized and long-term promotion mechanism, and break through the basic bottlenecks in the development of major fields.
Give full play to the institutional advantages of socialist concentrated forces to do major events, continue to implement major national science and technology projects, and focus on the development of key areas such as large aircraft, integrated circuits, new energy vehicles, new materials, and 5G.
In terms of new materials, we will strengthen coordination and coordination, start the development of key new materials and apply major projects as soon as possible, further consolidate the foundation of industrial development and promote the promotion and application of new materials.
In the aspect of new energy vehicles, we will further improve the support policy system, do a good job in the implementation of the parallel management method of double points, and study and formulate the development strategy of vehicle networking and intelligent network.
In terms of integrated circuits, we will play an important role in guiding the investment of the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund and promote the optimization of high-end general-purpose chips, basic software and industrial resources.
In terms of 5G, we will speed up standard development and technical trials, and promote the pre-commercial level as soon as possible to form a global unified 5G standard.
In terms of major short-board equipment, focus on manufacturing production and processing equipment and testing equipment, implement special short-board equipment special projects, build upstream and downstream docking platforms, carry out major short-board equipment engineering research, and open up R&D-engineering-industrialization-wide chain synergy Development channel.
At the same time, in response to the country's major strategic needs, the “Science and Technology Innovation 2030 – Major Projects†will be promoted and implemented, and the relevant major projects will be promoted in succession, striving to seize the commanding heights in the strategic battlefield.
Highlight the main direction of intelligent manufacturing, deepen the implementation of intelligent manufacturing engineering, and promote the digital, network and intelligent development of manufacturing. Implement the industrial Internet innovation development strategy, carry out industrial Internet development actions, build three systems of network, platform and security, promote the integration of large enterprises and the application of small and medium-sized enterprises, and build three major supports: industry, ecology and internationalization. We will deepen the development of the integration of manufacturing and the Internet, and support the construction of a number of “double-created†demonstration platforms for manufacturing. Promote the introduction of guiding documents to promote the development of the digital economy. Accelerate the industrialization and integration of a new generation of artificial intelligence technology and develop smart industries. Implement the national big data strategy and promote the construction of national big data comprehensive experimental zones and big data demonstration bases.
4 Promote the integration of military and civilian technology In-depth implementation of the military-civilian integration development strategy, highlighting the problem orientation, focusing on key areas, working hard on "unification, integration, newness, and deepness", resolutely demolition, breaking the ice, and going to the threshold to realize the mutual sharing, mutual support, and effective transformation of military and civilian resources. .
We will improve the open sharing mechanism for national defense science and technology innovation resources, and promote the opening of key laboratories and major military experimental facilities to the society. We will carry out joint research on military-civilian dual-use technology and the construction of general standards, and plan and implement a number of major military-civilian integration projects in key areas such as basic research, cutting-edge technology and key technologies. We will steadily promote the "military transfer to the people" and "civilian participation in the army", promote the two-way transformation of military-civilian dual-use technology, promote the rapid development of the military-civilian combination industry, and build an advanced defense science and technology industrial system with Chinese characteristics to drive the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.
Further deepen the reform of “distribution suits†and transform government functions so that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and better plays the role of the government. Implement tax reduction and fee reduction measures, reduce institutional transaction costs, and constantly stimulate the vitality and creativity of market players. Accelerate the construction of an inclusive innovation support policy system, improve the deduction of enterprise R&D expenses, accelerated depreciation of fixed assets, and preferential tax policies for small and medium-sized enterprises. Improve the first (set), first batch insurance compensation mechanism, and accelerate the application and promotion of innovation results.
Deepen the integration of production, give play to the guiding role of industrial investment funds, and increase support for strategic frontier areas. Strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, carry out the coordinated action of industrial intellectual property rights, and support the construction of intellectual property service platforms for key industries. Accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into service institutions and technology markets, and explore the market-oriented transformation model of innovation results. Promote the spirit of craftsmanship, entrepreneurship and the spirit of creating customers, and accelerate the construction of multi-level manufacturing innovation talents.
Adhere to the open strategy of mutual benefit and win-win, pay more attention to the "introduction" and "going out" to better integrate and further deepen the "Made in China 2025" international docking cooperation. Full implementation of the pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management system, comprehensively liberalize the general manufacturing industry, and relax the restrictions on foreign shares as soon as possible. Adhere to equal treatment of domestic and foreign-funded enterprises, treat them equally, encourage foreign investors to invest in advanced manufacturing areas, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investment. Strengthen the docking with international economic and trade rules and properly handle trade frictions. Innovate the way of foreign investment, and focus on countries along the “Belt and Road†to promote international production capacity and equipment manufacturing cooperation. We will improve the “going out†public service system, support enterprises to integrate innovative resources globally and optimize the industrial chain layout, and accelerate the cultivation of new advantages in China's manufacturing international competition.
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